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Then Jesus said, “There was a man who had two sons. The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of the property that will belong to me.’ So he divided his property between them. A few days later the younger son gathered all he had and traveled to a distant country, and there he squandered his property in dissolute living.
“When he had spent everything, a severe famine took place throughout that country, and he began to be in need. So he went and hired himself out to one of the citizens of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed the pigs. He would gladly have filled himself with the pods that the pigs were eating; and no one gave him anything. But when he came to himself he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired hands have bread enough and to spare, but here I am dying of hunger! I will get up and go to my father, and I will say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me like one of your hired hands.”’ So he set off and went to his father.”
“But while he was still far off, his father saw him and was filled with compassion; he ran and put his arms around him and kissed him. Then the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ But the father said to his slaves, ‘Quickly, bring out a robe— the best one—and put it on him; put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet. And get the fatted calf and kill it, and let us eat and celebrate; for this son of mine was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found!’ And they began to celebrate.
“Now his elder son was in the field; and when he came and approached the house, he heard music and dancing. He called one of the slaves and asked what was going on. He replied, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fatted calf, because he has got him back safe and sound.’ Then he became angry and refused to go in. His father came out and began to plead with him. But he answered his father, ‘Listen! For all these years I have been working like a slave for you, and I have never disobeyed your command; yet you have never given me even a young goat so that I might celebrate with my friends. But when this son of yours came back, who has devoured your property with prostitutes, you killed the fatted calf for him!’
“Then the father said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours. But we had to celebrate and rejoice, because this brother of yours was dead and has come to life; he was lost and has been found.’”
Commentary:
This is surely one of the most beautiful stories ever written! It has been celebrated on stage, in art and music, and most significantly, it has been relived in countless lives and families. Luke has so exquisitely rendered the feelings of the father and his sons that we are immediately drawn into the drama of this very human situation.
This is the story of a father who had two sons. He “lost them both, one in a foreign country, the other behind a barricade of self righteousness”. Popularly known as the “Parable of the Prodigal Son,” a more appropriate title might be the “Parable of the Forgiving Father,” since the focus of the story is primarily on the Father’s love and mercy toward his sons.
One can imagine the father’s feelings when the younger son requested his inheritance—what would belong to him when his father died. Although it was not uncommon to see an estate divided among heirs before death, it seemed as if the younger son could not wait for his father to die.
As he watched his son go down the road, carrying “all he had,” the father must have been filled with apprehension for him. Then his worst fears were realized! The son lavishly spent and wasted his father’s gift until he was reduced to abject poverty. He was hungry; he was homeless; he was alone.
He had sunk to what, for a Jew, was the lowest possible level, for he was reduced to caring for the pigs of a Gentile landowner. For the Jews, the pig was considered to be the most “unclean” of all animals, and to be in employed by a Gentile was to be under the influence and control of one who worshipped foreign gods. Finally at the point of death—“I am dying of hunger”—he came to his senses and was filled with the desire to return home.
Even in the moment of deepest despair, his father’s love was active in his memories. The father’s deep longing for his son was present within the son’s burning desire to return home. Though distant, father and son were united in love and yearning for each other—one calling, one responding.
The father received his son; he kissed him tenderly. The son began his carefully-rehearsed admission of guilt. He said, “I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.”
He was interrupted by his father’s uncontained joy. In the embrace of his father, the son was welcomed, forgiven, and restored to full sonship. His father honored him with a fine robe to cover his nakedness. He received from his father a ring which signified the reinstatement of his authority as a son in his father’s house. The sandals that were placed on his feet were further indication that he was not a slave, since only free people wore shoes. The son had been lost and found. Now he knew what it meant to be his father’s son. He was home! The father was overjoyed: “My son has come to life; let the celebration begin!”
No sooner had the music and dancing begun than the father was angrily encountered by the other, older son. However disappointed the father may have been by the older son’s resentment and ill will, he had the wisdom not to take sides. He may have sensed that the older son was suffering an alienation of his own. The older son’s attitudes had distanced him from his brother to such an extent that he referred to him not as “my brother” but as “this son of yours.” His self-righteous attitudes had prevented him from entering into a loving relationship, not only with his brother but also with his father. The elder son, too, was lost; he was lost in a foreign land of his own making.
The father responded as he had with his younger son. He was compassionate. He did not ridicule his son, but rebuked him gently. “You are always with me, and all that is mine is yours.” All the father was able to do was invite the son to confront his negativity, accept his own position, and enter into the joy of his brother’s return.
As sons and daughters of our Father, we are also invited to claim the reality of our inheritance as sons and daughters of a loving and merciful God. The banquet is prepared. Will you enter into the joy of your Father?
Suggested Approach to Prayer:
• Daily prayer pattern.
–I quiet myself and relax in the presence of God.
–I declare my dependency on God.
• Grace:
–I ask for a deepening awareness of my sinfulness and a growing sorrow.
• Method: Contemplation.
–I enter into this passage by allowing the story to enfold within me. I invite one of the sons to come forward. I assume his role and re-live it in imagination, observing in detail his actions and words.
–If I choose the younger son, I imagine requesting my inheritance, leaving home, and squandering the money. If I choose the elder son, I imagine my situation, my resentment toward my brother, the conversation with my father, and his invitation. Follow the story to its completion.
• Closing: I close my prayer with a threefold conversation.
–I turn to Mary who, with us, forms part of the community of all who have followed or do follow Christ. As mother of Jesus, she holds a special place in the communion of saints. In my own words, I ask her to obtain for me the gifts of:
—a deep knowledge of my sinfulness and a hatred for sin;
—an insight into the disorder in my life so that I may know how to
re-fashion my life in the spirit of Jesus;
—an awareness of whatever may distract and separate me from him.
–I turn to Jesus, begging him to ask the Father in his name for these same gifts for me.
–I turn to God the Father, that he who loved us so much that he sent his only Son will give me these same graces.
–I pray the Our Father.
• Review of Prayer:
–I write in my journal any feeling, experiences, or insights that surfaced during this period of prayer. I take special note of those which relate to my response to the Father.